Biology HubHab Biologi

1

Introduction to BiologyPengenalan Biologi

Fields of biology, lab safety, scientific methodBidang biologi, keselamatan makmal, kaedah saintifik

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2

Cell Biology & OrganisationBiologi Sel & Organisasi

Cell structure, organelles, specialisation, tissuesStruktur sel, organel, pengkhususan, tisu

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3

Movement Across Plasma MembranePergerakan Merentasi Membran Plasma

Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, tonicityResapan, osmosis, pengangkutan aktif, keadaan tonik

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4

Chemical Composition in a CellKomposisi Kimia dalam Sel

Water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acidsAir, karbohidrat, protein, lipid, asid nukleik

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5

Metabolism & EnzymesMetabolisme & Enzim

Metabolic pathways, enzyme function, kineticsLaluan metabolik, fungsi enzim, kinetik

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6

Cell DivisionPembahagian Sel

Mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, cancerMitosis, meiosis, kitaran sel, kanser

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7

Cellular RespirationRespirasi Sel

Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, ATPRespirasi aerobik, respirasi anaerobik, ATP

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8

Respiratory SystemsSistem Respirasi

Lungs, gills, tracheal system, breathing mechanismParu-paru, insang, sistem trakea, mekanisme pernafasan

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9

Nutrition & Digestive SystemPemakanan & Sistem Pencernaan

Alimentary canal, digestion, absorption, balanced dietSalur alimentari, pencernaan, penyerapan, diet seimbang

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10

Transport in Humans & AnimalsPengangkutan dalam Manusia & Haiwan

Heart, blood vessels, blood, lymphatic systemJantung, salur darah, darah, sistem limfatik

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11

Immunity in HumansKeimunan dalam Manusia

Body defence, antibodies, types of immunityPertahanan badan, antibodi, jenis keimunan

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12

Coordination & ResponseKoordinasi & Gerak Balas

Nervous system, endocrine system, reflex actionSistem saraf, sistem endokrin, tindakan refleks

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13

Homeostasis & Urinary SystemHomeostasis & Sistem Urinari

Osmoregulation, kidney function, dialysisOsomoregulasi, fungsi ginjal, dialisis

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14

Support & MovementSokongan & Pergerakan

Skeletal system, joints, muscles, locomotionSistem rangka, sendi, otot, lokomosi

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15

Sexual Reproduction & GrowthPembiakan Seksual & Pertumbuhan

Reproductive system, menstrual cycle, fertilisationSistem pembiakan, kitaran haid, persenyawaan

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1

Plant Tissues & GrowthTisu Tumbuhan & Pertumbuhan

Meristematic tissue, growth curves, primary/secondary growthTisu meristem, lengkung pertumbuhan, pertumbuhan primer/sekunder

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2

Leaf Structure & PhotosynthesisStruktur Daun & Fotosintesis

Stomata, transpiration, photosynthesis, compensation pointStomata, transpirasi, fotosintesis, titik ganti rugi

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3

Nutrition in PlantsPemakanan dalam Tumbuhan

Macronutrients, micronutrients, carnivorous plantsMakronutrien, mikronutrien, tumbuhan karnivor

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4

Transport in PlantsPengangkutan dalam Tumbuhan

Xylem, phloem, translocation, transpiration pullXilem, floem, translokasi, tarikan transpirasi

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5

Response in PlantsGerak Balas dalam Tumbuhan

Tropisms, nastic movements, phytohormonesTropisme, pergerakan nasti, fitohormon

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6

Sexual Reproduction in PlantsPembiakan Seksual dalam Tumbuhan

Flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, seed dispersalStruktur bunga, pendebungaan, persenyawaan, percambahan biji benih

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7

Adaptations of PlantsPenyesuaian Tumbuhan

Xerophytes, hydrophytes, halophytes, mesophytesXerofit, hidrofit, halofit, mesofit

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8

BiodiversityKepelbagaian Biologi

Classification system, microorganisms, viruses, conservationSistem pengelasan, mikroorganisma, virus, pemuliharaan

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9

EcosystemEkosistem

Community, population, food webs, pyramid of numbersKomuniti, populasi, siratan makanan, piramaid nombor

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10

Environmental SustainabilityKelestarian Alam Sekitar

Pollution, deforestation, conservation, green technologyPencemaran, penebangan hutan, pemuliharaan, teknologi hijau

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11

InheritancePewarisan

Monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross, genes, allelesPewarisan monohibrid, dihibrid, gen, alel

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12

VariationVariasi

Continuous/discontinuous variation, mutationVariasi bersambung/tidak bersambung, mutasi

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13

Genetic TechnologyTeknologi Genetik

Genetic engineering, biotechnology, GMOsKejuruteraan genetik, bioteknologi, GMO

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