🎯 What You'll LearnApa yang Anda Akan Pelajari
Describe male and female reproductive systemsMenerangkan sistem pembiakan lelaki dan perempuan
Explain gamete formation (spermatogenesis & oogenesis)Menerangkan pembentukan gamet (spermatogenesis dan oogenesis)
Describe the menstrual cycle and hormonal controlMenerangkan kitar akid dan kawalan hormon
Explain fertilisation and placenta functionsMenerangkan persenyawaan dan fungsi uri
🧬 Menstrual CycleKitar Akid
| PhaseFasa | DaysHari | EventsPeristiwa |
|---|---|---|
| MenstruationAkid | 1-5 | Uterus lining shedsLapisan rahim gugur |
| FollicularFolikular | 6-13 | FSH stimulates follicle, oestrogen risesFSH rangsang folikel, estrogen meningkat |
| OvulationOvulasi | 14 | LH surge, egg releasedLonjakan LH, ovum dibebaskan |
| LutealLuteal | 15-28 | Corpus luteum, progesterone risesJasad kuning, progesteron meningkat |
🤰 Placenta FunctionsFungsi Uri
| FunctionFungsi | DescriptionPenerangan |
|---|---|
| Nutrient transferPemindahan nutrien | Glucose, amino acids to foetusGlukosa, asid amino ke fetus |
| Gas exchangePertukaran gas | O₂ to foetus, CO₂ to motherO₂ ke fetus, CO₂ ke ibu |
| Waste removalPenyingkiran sisa | Urea, CO₂ removedUrea, CO₂ disingkirkan |
| Antibody transferPemindahan antibodi | Passive immunity to babyImuniti pasif kepada bayi |
⚡ Quick CheckSemakan Cepat
Where does fertilisation occur?Di manakah persenyawaan berlaku?
🇲🇾 Malaysian ContextKonteks Malaysia
Teen pregnancy is a rising concern. Government clinics provide free family planning and antenatal care. Ministry of Health promotes breastfeeding for infant health.Kehamilan remaja masalah membimbangkan. Klinik kerajaan menyediakan perancangan keluarga dan penjagaan antenatal percuma. Kementerian Kesihatan menggalakkan penyusuan ibu untuk kesihatan bayi.
SPM QuestionSoalan SPM
Explain the roles of hormones in the menstrual cycle. [6 marks]Jelaskan peranan hormon dalam kitar haid. [6 markah]